PSYCHOANALYSIS IN FAIRY TALES
Bruno Bettelheim (1903-1990) discusses in his book
"Psychoanalysis of fairy tales" the influence of fairy tales on children
education.
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| Bruno Bettelheim |
Fairy tales while entertaining the child, helps you
understand and encourages the development of his personality, gives meanings to
different levels and enriches the child's existence.
Fairy tales play the role of allies to maintain the
positive aspects of life through laughter, tears and unexpected ends. They stimulate
the imagination that nurtures our children by making the story a personal
experience and participate in the construction of essential matters of life and
death, desire, bans, violent feelings and contradictions.
Applying the psychoanalytic model of human
personality, the stories provide important messages of conscious, preconscious
and unconscious. When referring to universal human issues, these stories speak
to the little self in training and encourage their development while
simultaneously releasing the preconscious and unconscious of their drives. As
the stories are deciphering, body conscious, give credit to the drives of the
id and show the different ways of satisfying them according to the demands of
the ego and the superego.
One of the messages transmitted by fairy tales to
children is that struggle against severe difficulties in life is unavoidable,
is an intrinsic part of human existence. Although, if one does not flee but
facing unexpected hardship and often unfair comes to dominate all obstacles, as
in the story of "Hansel and Gretel".
The child has to stop being subjected to pressures to act on it with itself. The
student has to learn to trust that, in future, he will be able to overcome the
dangers of the world, even more terrible than his fears can imagine. At the
end, he will be enriched with the victory as Hansel and Gretel.
Fairy tales has also other features that can help
the child to resolve oedipal conflicts. Mothers cannot accept the wishes of the
children to eliminate dad and marry mom. However, learners can participate as
winner of the fantasy dragon and owner of the beautiful princess. Similarly, a
mother may stimulate the fantasies of his daughter as Prince Charming and to
believe in a happy end despite of the current disillusionment. With fairy
tales, both boys and girls, who are in the oedipal period, can get the best of
two worlds: on the one hand, they will enjoy the satisfactions from oedipal
fantasies and, moreover, maintain good relations with both parents in reality. During
the oedipal period, the child must bring order to the chaos of his inner life through
references in the world. The story of “The
queen bee” leads us to recognize that we have to give each element the corresponding
demand. Consequently, the proper behavior always leads
positive things. 
As we grow, we learn to prioritize reason over emotion
as in the tale of "The Fisherman
and the Genie". Story based on a captive genius who feels the desire
to benefit one who released but as time passes, increasing his anger and his
desire to benefit becomes revenge. For this reason, educator do not only have
the protector faced but also the educational, where the child is not always
agree. We will try to instill in our children that is not good to take
impulsive decisions.
In conclusion, Fairy tales staged, in symbolic form,
the way to grow. This will be aided by a construction, unique in its kind,
where everything is connected, where the sequences are chained to better manage
the disorder and dominte feelings.
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